نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
2 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران
3 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان جنوبی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بیرجند، ایران
4 دانشیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اصفهان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اصفهان، ایران
5 دانشیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is one of the most important crops in warm and arid regions, playing a key role in food security across arid and semi-arid areas of the world. Due to climate change and increasing environmental fluctuations, the need to develop high-yielding and stable hybrids has become more crucial than ever. Given the nature of cross-pollination and high heterosis potential, the development of hybrid cultivars is the main breeding strategy in pearl millet. Hybrid varieties of pearl millet can significantly enhance both yield and stability under diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to assess genotype × environment interaction (GEI) for selecting superior hybrids in different climatic regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of promising pearl millet hybrids and to identify stable, high-yielding, and well-adapted hybrids for the target regions.
Materials and Methods: The plant materials consisted of eleven promising pearl millet hybrids along with the check cultivar ‘Mehran’. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications across eight environments (four locations, Karaj, Birjand, Isfahan and Zabol, during two cropping seasons, 2022 and 2023). The traits evaluated included days to 50% flowering, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, number of tillers, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS software, and mean comparisons were conducted using Duncan’s multiple range test. Stability analysis was also performed using the Lin and Binns, rank-based stability parameters, and GGE-Biplot methods to identify stable and high-yielding hybrids.
Results and Discussion: Combined analysis of variance and comparison of means revealed significant genetic variability among the pearl millet hybrids for all studied traits. The effects of environment and GEI were also significant on all measured traits including grain yield. The results indicated that the studied genotypes exhibited both crossover and non-crossover types of interactions. Comparison of means showed that two hybrids H794 and H824 with 8.41 and 7.81 t.ha-1, respectively, produced the highest grain yield. The results of the stability analysis using rank-based, superiority index, and GGE-Biplot methods showed that two promising hybrids H794 and H824 had the higher grain yield and stability across all studied environments.
Conclusion: This study clearly demonstrated the potential of exploiting heterosis in pearl millet to produce high-yielding hybrid varieties. The results indicated that all evaluated hybrids outperformed the check cultivar ‘Mehran’. Introducing these promising hybrids could significantly enhance the national average grain yield of pearl millet. Moreover, considering the ongoing water scarcity crisis in the country, the dissemination of high-yielding and drought-efficient hybrids could encourage farmers to cultivate this low-water-requirement crop.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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