نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
4 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Introduction: Weeds are important factors that reduce the yield potential of crops. Weed control is carried out in various ways, which with chemical methods being considered as an economical and quick-effective method. Among the problems of using herbicides are the possibility of developing resistant biotypes, environmental pollution, and pesticide residues in crops. Among the new methods of applying herbicides is the using drones, which is superior to conventional methods in terms of economy and speed. However, there are different reports of the effectiveness of this method. The purpose of this study was to compare the application of nicosulfuron herbicide on corn plants with tractor sprayers and drones, and also to compare the recommended concentration with reduced concentrations to determine the results of applying nicosulfuron herbicide on the yield and performance of corn plants.
Materials and Methods: The research was conducted as a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design in the farm of the University of Zanjan. In this study, BC678, which is a dual-purpose grain and silage cultivar, was used. The experimental treatments included spraying methods and herbicide concentrations. The spraying methods were tractor and drone spraying; and the herbicide concentrations included the recommended concentration of 100% (80 g), 80% (64 g) and 60% (48 g of nicosulfuron active ingredient/ ha) and the treatment without herbicide application or zero was used. At the three to four leaf stage of corn, the herbicide was spread using the method and concentrations mentioned. In two stages: stem elongation and the tasseling stage of corn, the effect of herbicide on the population and dry weight of weeds was measured; and also, in the tasseling stage, on agro-morphological traits, and in the final stage, corn yield was measured. Data analysis was performed using SAS software and means were compared using Duncan's test. Graphs were also drawn using Excel software.
Results and Discussion: The herbicide application method and its concentrations had a significant effect on all measured traits. The application of nicosulfuron herbicide reduced the population and dry weight of the dominant weeds in the field. Also, there was a significant difference in terms of the application method and herbicide concentration. The highest effect was observed at the recommended concentration, followed by the 80% concentration. The lowest effect in herbicide treatments was obtained at the 60% concentration, which did not differ significantly from the no-herbicide application in a number of traits. Comparison of herbicide application methods showed that tractor spraying had a more decisive effect on weed control compared to the drone method. The lowest number and dry weight of weeds, as well as the highest height, number of leaves, leaf area index, dry weight, biological and economic yield, and forage quality were observed in the tractor spraying method and with a 100% herbicide concentration. Weeds also showed different responses to this herbicide. Among the studied weeds, green foxtail (Setaria viridis) was the most sensitive and Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) the least sensitive to the application of this herbicide.
Conclusion: The findings showed that despite the advantages of drone method, tractor spraying was more effective compared to this method. The data show that if the goal is to reduce the amount of herbicide as reduce costs or protect the environment, the use of reduced concentrations by drone spraying is not very effective in controlling weeds and will probably cause waste of costs. The reasons for the low efficiency of drone spraying compared to tractor spraying include the high altitude of the drone compared to tractor spraying, the adverse effect of wind during spraying, and the need for very precise calibration and a skilled operator.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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