ارزیابی تنوع مولکولی و روابط ژنتیکی بین ارقام برنج (Oryza sativa L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 استادیار پژوهش، بخش اصلاح و تهیه بذر، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

هدف از این تحقیق، ارزیابی تنوع و روابط ژنتیکی بین 57 رقم برنج موجود در کلکسیون موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور شامل 26 رقم بومی ایرانی، 13 رقم اصلاح­شده ایرانی و 18 رقم وارداتی بود کهبا استفاده از 38 نشانگر ریزماهواره پیوسته با ویژگی­هایکمی و کیفی روی کروموزوم 6 برنج انجام شد. در مجموع 281 آلل در ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه شناسایی شد و تعداد آلل­ها در هر جایگاه ریزماهواره از دو تا یازده آلل متغیر بود. میانگین تعداد آلل­های مشاهده شده و موثر به­ترتیب 39/7 و 15/5 آلل و میانگین تنوع ژنی نئی، شاخص تنوع شانون و میزان اطلاعات چندشکلی نیز به­ترتیب 752/0، 685/1 و 741/0 به­دست آمد که نشان­دهنده وجود تنوع بالا بین ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه بود. برآورد شاخص­های تنوع جهت مقایسه نشانگرهای مطالعه­شده نشان داد که به­ترتیب نشانگرهایRM510 ، RM225، RM31،RM402، RM528، RM204، RM162، RM584 وRM3 با دارا بودن بالاترین مقادیر تنوع در جمعیت مورد مطالعه، به­عنوان موثرترین نشانگرها جهت بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی در برنج بودند. ارزیابی تشابه ژنتیکی بین ارقام بومی، اصلاح­شده و وارداتی برنج نشان داد که بیشترین تشابه بین ارقام بومی و اصلاح­شده و کمترین تشابه بین ارقام اصلاح­شده و وارداتی وجود داشت. تجزیه خوشه‌ای به روش UPGMA بر اساس ضریب تشابه جاکارد، 57 رقم مورد مطالعه را در چهار گروه جداگانه قرار داد، به­طوری­که ارقام بومی، اصلاح شده و وارداتی تا حدود زیادی از هم تفکیک شدند. بنابراین، بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق پیشنهاد می­شود که ضمن استفاده از نشانگرهای RM510، RM225، RM31،RM402، RM528، RM204، RM162، RM584 وRM3به­عنوان نشانگرهای کارامد و آگاهی­بخش در مطالعات مربوط به تعیین تنوع ارقام برنج، از تلاقی بین ارقام موجود در گروه­های دورتر حاصل از تجزیه خوشه­ای نیز می­توان برای تهیه ارقام جدید دارای ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی متنوع استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing molecular diversity and genetic relationships among rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Adibe Nili 1
  • Babak Rabiei 2
  • Mehrzad Allahgholipour 3
  • Ali Akbar Ebadi 3
1 M. Sc. Graduated, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Research Assist. Prof., Dept. of Seed Improvement, Rice Research Institute of Iran, AgriculturalResearch, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

The objective of this research was to assess the genetic diversity and relationships among 57 rice varieties from the collection of Rice Research Institute of Iran, Rasht, Iran, including 26 local, 13 improved and 18 forein varieties using 38 SSR markers linked to grain quantitative and qualitative characteristics on the chromosome 6. In total, 281 alleles were identified in the studied genotypes and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 11. The average number of observed and effective alleleswere 7.39 and 5.15 alleles, respectively, and Nei’s gene diversity, Shannon's diversity index and polymorphism information content were 0.752, 1.685 and 0.741, respectively, showing high levels of genetic variation among the studied varieties. Evaluating diversity indices to compare the studied SSR markers showed that RM510, RM225, RM31, RM402, RM528, RM204, RM162, RM584 and RM3 having the highest diversity values, respectively,were the most effective and informative markers for studying the genetic diversity in rice. Evaluation of genetic similarity among the local, improved and forein varieties revealed that the most similarities was between local and improved varieties and the lowest similaties was between improved and forein varieties. Cluster analysis using UPGMA methodbased on jaccard’ssimilarity coefficient, classified 57 studied ricevarieties into four separate groups, so that the local, improved and forein varieties were partially segregated. Therefore,based on the results of this study,the use ofRM510,RM225,RM31,RM402,RM528,RM204,RM162,RM584andRM3as efficient and informative markers for studying genetic diversity of rice varieties are suggested. The crosses between the varieties into further groups derived from cluster analysis can also be used to providenewvarieties with diverse quantitative and qualitative characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Local variety
  • Microsatellite marker
  • Quantitative and qualitative characteristics

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 7، شماره 1
خرداد 1396
صفحه 33-50

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