پهنه بندی توان اکولوژیک کشت ذرت با استفاده از سامانه اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) در شهرستان بوکان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه آب، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

4 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی روستایی، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

تضمین امنیت غذایی و معیشت کشاورزی مستلزم نگرشی جامع و سیستماتیک است که هدف آن استفاده پایدار و مدیریت منابع طبیعی از طریق توسعه و انطباق فناوری کشاورزی و تجارب مدیریتی است. بر این اساس، هدف تحقیق حاضر یافتن مکان­های مناسب برای کشت ذرت در سطح شهرستان بوکان بود. پژوهش حاضر از لحاظ هدف کاربردی، از لحاظ نوع تحقیق توصیفی- اکتشافی و از نظر شیوه گردآوری داده­ها کتابخانه­ای است. جهت انجام تحقیق، دو معیار اصلی محیط (با پارامترهایی از قبیل سنگ­شناسی، خاک­شناسی، کاربری اراضی، پوشش گیاهی، منابع آب و نیز لایه­ مدل رقومی ارتفاعی یا DEM) و اقلیم (با پارامترهایی مانند دما، رطوبت، باد، بارش سالیانه، تبخیر و تعرق) ابتدا به­تفکیک و سپس به­صورت ترکیبی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت، به این ترتیب که در مرحله نخست داده­های اقلیمی از پنج ایستگاه پیرامونی شهرستان بوکان برای یک دوره مشترک 21 ساله (1985 تا 2005 میلادی) و داده­های محیطی بر پایه مقیاس 000,1:50 جمع­آوری شد. در مرحله بعد و پس از استخراج نیازمندی­های اکولوژیک ذرت، این داده­ها بر اساس اولویت تاثیرگذاری بر کشت این محصول با روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) ارزش­گذاری و سپس کل سطح شهرستان بوکان به­منظور کشت ذرت با استفاده از GIS و سایر نرم­افزارهای مرتبط مورد تجزیه و تحلیل، شناسایی و رتبه­بندی قرار گرفت. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که نواحی شمالی بخش سیمینه (با 2/13درصد از مساحت شهرستان) مناسب­ترین و دهستان ایل­گورک (واقع در جنوب­غربی شهرستان با 6 درصد از کل مساحت شهرستان) نامناسب­ترین پتانسیل را برای کشت ذرت دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The zoning of ecological capability of maize cultivation using geographic information system (GIS) in Boukan country

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmoud Fall Soliman 1
  • Abolfazl Akbarpour 2
  • Mohamad Ali Behdani 3
  • Kamal Jamshidi 4
1 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Geography and Rural Programing, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Faculty of Agriculture, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
4 M. Sc. Graduated, Dept. of Geography and Rural Programing, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Birjand University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

The guarantee of food security and agricultural livelihoods requires a comprehensive and systematic approach aimed at sustainable use and management of natural resources through the development and adaptation of agricultural technology and management experiences. Accordingly, the objective of this research was to find suitable sites for maize cultivation in Boukan, Iran. The present research is applied in term of purpose, descriptive-exploratory in term of research type and library in term of data collection method. To accomplish this research, two main criteria, environment (with parameters such as geology, soil science, land use, plant cover, water resources as well as digital elevation map layer) and climate (with parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind, annual precipitation and evapotranspiration) were first separately studied and then in combination, so that in the first stage, climate data from five peripheral stations of Boukan county for an 21 years old period (since 1985-2005) and environment data based on the scale of 1:50000 were collected. In the next step, after extracting the ecological requirements of maize, these data were valuated based on the priority of their influencing on maize cultivation using analytic hierarchical process (AHP) method. Then, the total area of Boukan county were analyzed, identified and ranked for maize cultivation using GIS and other related softwares. finally sheet in order to this product. The results of this research showed that the northern regions of the Simineh (with 13.2% of the country’s area) has the most suitable potential and Ael-Gaverk rural district (located in southwest of Boukan with 6% of the total country’s area) has the most unsuitable potential for maize cultivation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Analytic hierarchical process (AHP)
  • Climatic parameters
  • Environmental parameters
  • Digital elevation map (DEM)
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