تاثیر سولفات روی بر ویژگی های کمی و کیفی دانه گندم تحت شرایط تنش خشکی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

4 دانشیار، مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی و کمبود عنصر روی از عوامل مهم تاثیرگذار بر کاهش کمیت و کیفیت گندم تولیدی می‌باشد. در پژوهش حاضر، اثر روش­های زی‌فزونی سولفات‌روی (بذر خشک، پیش‌تیمار، کاربرد خاکی و افشانه­کردن) تحت شرایط تنش خشکی (آبیاری کامل، تنش در مرحله ظهور برگ پرچم، تنش در مرحله ظهور ریشک) بر صفات مرتبط با عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه و نیز صفات مرتبط با ارزش غذایی دانه گندم، رقم هما، با استفاده از طرح کرت­های خردشده در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج به­دست آمده نشان داد که بروز همزمان تنش خشکی و کمبود عنصر روی در مراحل ظهور برگ‌پرچم و ظهور ریشک باعث کاهش کیفیت و کمیت گندم شد، به­طوری­که علاوه بر کاهش عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه، موجب کاهش توانایی جذب روی از خاک، کاهش غلظت روی دانه، کاهش قابلیت جذب روی از دانه و کاهش سنتز پروتئین شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که افشانه­کردن این عنصر سبب افزایش بیش از 19/77 درصدی غلظت عنصر روی در دانه (از 2/7 به 5/40 گرم بر کیلوگرم)، پیش‌تیمار سولفات‌روی باعث افزایش 69/17 درصدی پروتئین ذخیره شده در دانه (از 1/13 به 6/14 درصد) و کاربرد خاکی سولفات‌روی موجب افزایش حداقل 97/11 درصدی در عملکرد دانه (از 1524 به 1737 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، کاهش 18/6 درصدی اسید فیتیک و کاهش چشمگیر 9/78 درصدی نسبت مولی اسید فیتیک طی تنش خشکی در مرحله ظهور برگ‌پرچم شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of zinc sulfate on quantity and quality of wheat grain under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Abbasi 1
  • Fariborz Shekari 2
  • Seyed Bahman Mosavi 3
  • Abdollah Javanmard 4
1 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
4 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress and zinc deficiency is an important factor influencing the reduction of the quantity and quality of wheat. In this research, the effect of application methods of zinc sulfate (dry-seed, priming, soil application and spraying) under drought stress conditions (complete irrigation, stress on emergence of flage leaf and stress on emergence of awn) on yield, yield components and traits related to nutritional value of wheat grain, variety Homa, was studied using a split plots experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the simultaneous incidence of droght stress and zinc deficiency in the emergence of flage leaf and emergence of awn stages caused a decrease in the quality and quantity of wheat, so that reduced yield and yield components, ability of zinc absorption from the soil, zinc concentration of grain, ability of zinc absorption from grains and protein synthesis. The results of this research indicated that sprying zinc element increased zinc concentration of wheat grain from 7.2 to 40.5 mg/kg (more than 77.19%), priming of zinc element increased seed storage protein from 13.1 to 14.6 percent (17.69%) and soil application of zinc sulfate increased grain yield from 1524 to 1737 kg/ha (at least 11.97%) and also decreased 18.6% of phytic acid and 78.9% of zinc molar ratio during drought stress at emergence of flag leaf stage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Yield components
  • protein
  • Grain zinc content
  • Phytic acid
  • Molar ratio
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