ارزیابی ارقام و لاین های سورگوم (Sorghum bicolor L.) در شرایط تنش شوری با استفاده از شاخص های تحمل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران.

3 دانشیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران.

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی واکنش 45 لاین و رقم سورگوم به تنش شوری، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار تحت دو شرایط نرمال (شوری 2 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) و تنش شوری (شوری 12 دسی­زیمنس بر متر) در ایستگاه مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد واقع در شهرستان اردکان در سال 1393 انجام شد. تنش شوری باعث کاهش میانگین شاخص­های مختلف ژنوتیپ­های مورد مطالعه شد، به­طوری­که قطر ساقه، ارتفاع بوته، تعداد برگ، شاخص سطح برگ، عملکرد علوفه تر و عملکرد علوفه خشک تحت شرایط تنش شوری به­ترتیب 45/14، 24/25، 06/18، 86/31، 19/40 و 36/32 درصد کاهش یافتند. بیشترین عملکرد علوفه خشک (28530 کیلوگرم در هکتار) تحت شرایط بدون تنش از لاین 23 (KDFGS23) و تحت شرایط تنش شوری از رقم جامبو (21042 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به­دست آمد. نتایج حاصل از ضرایب همبستگی بین عملکرد علوفه خشک تحت شرایط بدون تنش و تنش شوری با شاخص­های تحمل به تنش نشان داد که مناسب­ترین شاخص­ها برای تعیین ژنوتیپ­های متحمل، شاخص­های GMP، HAM، MP و STI بودند. بر اساس نتایج تجزیه خوشه­ای، ارقام جامبو، پگاه، سیستان، قلمی هرات، سورگوم شیرین و اسپیدفید مغان به­عنوان متحمل­ترین ارقام و لاین­های شماره 23 (KDFGS23)، 26 (KDFGS26) و رقم نکتار به­عنوان ژنوتیپ­های حساس و در عین حال مناسب برای شرایط نرمال شناخته شدند. لاین شماره 1 (KDFGS1) به­دلیل ثبات بالای عملکرد تحت شرایط تنش می­تواند در پروژه­های به­نژادی آینده مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) lines and cultivars under salinity stress using tolerance indices

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Shakeri 1
  • Yahya Emam 2
  • Seyed Ali Tabatabaei 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Crop Production and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
3 Research Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Seed and Plant Improvement Research, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

     To evaluate the response of 45 sorghum lines and cultivars to salinity stress, two experiments were conducted in non-stress (EC=2 dS.m-1) and salinity stress conditions (EC=12 dS.m-1) using randomized complete block design with three replications. The experiments were carried out at Ardakan research station of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Yazd, Iran, in 2014. Salinity stress significantly decreased all measured traits in lines and genotypes. Under salinity stress conditions, stem diameter, stem height, leaf number, leaf area index, fresh forage yield and dry forage yield were decreased 14.45%, 25.24%, 18.06%, 31.86%, 40.19% and 32.36%, respectively. The highest dry forage yield under non-stress and salinity stress conditions was produced by KDFGS23 (28530 kg.ha-1) and Jumbo cultivar (21042 kg.ha-1), respectively. Results of correlation coefficients among dry forage yield under non-stress and stress conditions and tolerance indices showed that GMP, HAM, MP and STI indices were the most suitable tolerance indices. Results of cluster analysis showed that Jumbo, Pegah, Sistan, Sweet sorghum, Ghalami Herat and Speedfeed (Moghan) had higher tolerance to salinity stress, while lines  KDFGS23 and KDFGS26 and Nectar cultivar had greater sensitivity to salinity stress. Since line No. 1 (KDFGS1) had greater yield stability, it worth further explorations in future breeding projects.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • Dry forage yield
  • Morphologic characteristics
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