ارزیابی برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط برای عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دوروم تحت شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی با استفاده از مدلGGE بای‌پلات

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحدکرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی،کرمانشاه، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، معاونت سرارود، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحدکرمانشاه، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرمانشاه، ایران

چکیده

تعیین سازگاری و پایداری عملکرد دانه ارقام زراعی یکی از مراحل مهم و پرهزینه در برنامه­های اصلاحی است که به­دلیل برهمکنش ژنوتیپ در محیط (G×E) به­سادگی امکان­پذیر نیست. به­منظور بررسی برهمکنشG×E در گندم دوروم، آزمایشی با 16 ژنوتیپ تحت دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی در مزرعه پژوهشی معاونت موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم (ایستگاه سرارود کرمانشاه) طی سه سال زراعی (93-1391) انجام شد. از روش آماری GGEبای‌پلات (اثرژنوتیپ + برهمکنشG×E) برای ارزیابی پایداری و سازگاری ژنوتیپ‌ها در محیط‌های مورد بررسی استفاده شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس مرکب عملکرد دانه نشان داد که اختلاف بین آثار اصلی ژنوتیپ و محیط و برهمکنش G×E در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. بزرگی برهمکنش G×E تقریباً دو برابر اثر اصلی ژنوتیپ بود که بیانگر وجود محیط­های کلان در آزمایش است. بر اساس تجزیه GGE بای­‌پلات برای عملکرد دانه، محیط‌ها به سه محیط کلان تفکیک و ژنوتیپ‌های سازگار برای هر محیط کلان تعیین شدند. ژنوتیپG13 با عملکرد 2169 کیلوگرم در هکتار بهترین ژنوتیپ از لحاظ ترکیب عملکرد و پایداری بود. لاین‌های اصلاحیG3وG15به­ترتیب با عملکرد 1960 و 3041 کیلوگرم در هکتار دارای بیش­ترین میانگین عملکرد تحت دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری تکمیلی بودند. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که امکان گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های با عملکرد بالا و پایدار نسبت به شاهد آزمایش (رقم ساجی) وجود دارد که بیانگر بهبود ژنتیکی در برنامه‌های اصلاحی گندم دوروم تحت شرایط متغیر محیطی است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of genotype × environment interaction for grain yield of durum wheat genotypes under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions by GGE biplot

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hajar Badri 1
  • Reza Mohammadi 2
  • Alireza Etminan 3
1 Former M. Sc.Student, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
2 Research Assist. Prof., Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Sararood Branch, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Kermanshah, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

Determining adaptability and stability of crop varieties is one of the most important stages in plant breeding programs, which it is costly and is not easy to do due to genotype × environment (G×E) interaction effects. To study G×E interaction for grain yield in durum wheat, an experiment with 16 durum wheat genotypes was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions at research field of Dryland Agricultural Research Sub-Institute (Sararood Station), Kermanshsh, Iran, during three growing seasons (2011-14). The GGE (G + G×E) biplot was applied to study G×E interaction. Combined analysis of variance showed significant differences (P<0.01) between genotypes, environments and G×E interaction effects. The G×E interaction variance was greater about two times than genotypic variance, indicating the possibility of existing environmental groups for genotype adaptation. The GGE biplot analysis indicated that the environments were classified into three mega-environments with winning genotypes. Biplot analyses identified the breeding line G13 (2169 kg.ha-1) as the best genotype with high yielding and stability performance. The breeding lines G3 and G15 with 1960 and 3041 kg.ha-1, respectively,  had the highest mean yield under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions, indicating the superiority of these two lines than the check cultivar in the both rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. In conclusion, positive increase in yield and yield stability is attributable predominately to genetic improvement in durum wheat breeding lines under variable environments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptability
  • Genotypic main effect
  • Mega-environments
  • Stability
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