نقش سطوح مختلف بهره برداری بر شاخص های اقتصادی و انرژی تولید گندم آبی (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان دهلران)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی ماشین های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، خوزستان، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی ماشین‌های کشاورزی و مکانیزاسیون، دانشکده مهندسی زراعی و عمران روستایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه مهندسی مکانیک بیوسیستم، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی نقش سطوح مختلف بهره­برداری بر شاخص­های اقتصادی و انرژی تولید گندم آبی در شهرستان دهلران استان ایلام، این مطالعه اجرا و در آن مزارع با مساحت­های 5-1، 10-5 و 15-10 هکتار بررسی شد. روش­نمونه­گیری از نوع طبقه­بندی ساده بود و شاخص­های انرژی شامل نسبت انرژی، بهره­وری انرژی، شدت انرژی، افزوده خالص انرژی و شاخص­های اقتصادی شامل هزینه تولید، ارزش ناخالص تولید، درآمد خالص و نسبت سود به هزینه ارزیابی شد. تجزیه واریانس داده­ها با استفاده از نرم­افزار SPSS و محاسبات اقتصادی با نرم­افزار Excel انجام شد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد که اختلاف معنی­داری بین تیمارهای مورد بررسی در سطح احتمال یک درصد از نظر شاخص­های انرژی و اقتصادی وجود داشت. ارزیابی شاخص­های انرژی نشان داد که برای مزارع با مساحت 5-1، 10-5 و 15-10 هکتار، شاخص­ نسبت انرژی به­ترتیب برابر با 12/4، 20/5 و 77/5 بود، در حالی­که بهره­وری انرژی به­ترتیب برابر با 17/0، 21/0 و 23/0 کیلوگرم بر مگاژول و شدت انرژی به­ترتیب برابر با 98/5، 81/4 و 44/4 مگاژول بر کیلوگرم به­دست آمد. سهم انرژی­های تجدیدپذیر از کل انرژی ورودی در سطوح مورد بررسی به­ترتیب برابر با 17 درصد، 18 درصد و 19 درصد و سهم انرژی­های تجدیدناپذیر برابر با 83 درصد، 82 درصد و 81 درصد تخمین زده شد. نسبت سود به هزینه نیز برابر با 16/2، 60/2 و 95/2 برآورد شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که با افزایش سطح زیر کشت، نسبت انرژی، بهره­وری انرژی و نسبت سود به هزینه، افزایش و شدت انرژی و هزینه تولید در هکتار کاهش یافت. بهترین تیمار (سطح زیر کشت) نیز تیمار 15-10 هکتار تعیین شد. بنابراین، به­نظر می­رسد که تدوین و اجرای برنامه­های لازم به­منظور یکپارچه­سازی اراضی، سبب بهبود شاخص­های انرژی و اقتصادی و افزایش بهره­وری در بخش کشاورزی خواهد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The role of different levels of utilization in economic and energy indicators of irrigated wheat production (A case study: Dehloran township)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rostam Fathi 1
  • Mohammad Amin Asoodar 2
  • Reza Yeganeh 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khozestan, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization, Faculty of Agriculture Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khozestan, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Biosystems Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the role of different levels of exploitation on economic and energy indices of irrigated wheat production in Dehloran city, Ilam province, Iran, this study was conducted and the farms with areas of 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 ha were surveyed. The sampling method was simple classification and the energy indices including energy ratio, energy efficiency, energy intensity and net energy as well as the economic indices including production cost, gross production value, net income and profit to cost ratio were evaluated. Data analysis of variance and the economic calculations was performed usin SPSS and Excel softwares, respectively. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was a significant difference between the treatments at the 1% probability level in term of energy and economic indices. Evaluating the energy indices indicated that for farms with an area of 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 ha, the energy ratio index was 4.12, 5.20 and 5.77, respectively, while the energy productivity was determined 0.17, 0.21 and 0.23 kg.MJ-1 and the energy intensity was 5.98, 4.81 and 4.44 MJ.kg-1, respectively. The proportion of renewable energies from the total input energy for the studied areas of 1-5, 5-10 and 10-15 ha was stimated to be 17%, 18% and 19% and the proportion of non-renewable energies was 83%, 82% and 81% , respectively. The profit to cost ratio was also evaluated to be 2.16, 2.60 and 2.95, respectively. The results of this study showed that with increasing cultivation area, energy ratio, energy productivity and profit to cost ratio increased and energy intensity and production cost per ha decreased. The best treatment was also determined 10-15 ha. Therefore, it seems that the development and implementation of necessary programs for land consolidation will improve the energy and economic indices and increase the efficiency and productivity in agriculture.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic analysis
  • Energy productivity
  • Energy intensity
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