پایداری عملکرد دانه ژنوتیپ‌های گندم دوروم در مناطق نیمه‌گرمسیر دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گچساران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، خرم‌آباد، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران

4 مربی پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گنبد، ایران

5 مربی پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران

6 استادیار پژوهش، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی کهگیلویه و بویراحمد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یاسوج، ایران

چکیده

آگاهی از برهمکنش ژنوتیپ × محیط به به‌نژادگران کمک می‌کند تا بتوانند بهترین ژنوتیپ‌ها را برای مناطق مختلف انتخاب کنند. هدف از این پژوهش، دست‌یابی به ژنوتیپ‌های پرمحصول گندم دوروم از بین چند لاین برگزیده بود تا بتوانند سازگار با شرایط آب و هوایی مناطق دیم گرمسیری و نیمه‌گرمسیری و برتر از ارقام شاهد منطقه باشند. در این پژوهش، 16 ژنوتیپ گندم دوروم برگزیده از آزمایش‌های پیشرفته مقایسه عملکرد، به‌همراه دو رقم شاهد دهدشت و سیمره، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تکرار به­مدت سه سال زراعی (95-1392) در چهار منطقه (گچساران، گنبد، خرم‌آباد و مغان) مورد مطالعه‌ قرار گرفتند. تجزیه واریانس مرکب داده‌ها نشان داد که آثار اصلی ژنوتیپ، سال و مکان و برهم­کنش سال × مکان و ژنوتیپ × سال × مکان در سطح احتمال یک درصد معنی‌دار بود. تجزیه واریانس AMMI نیز نشان داد که چهار مولفه اصلی اول معنی‌دار بودند و در مجموع حدود 81 درصد از تغییرات برهم­کنش ژنوتیپ × محیط را توجیه کردند. بیش­ترین عملکرد دانه در ژنوتیپ شماره 6 (3592 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و کم­ترین میزان آن در ژنوتیپ شماره 18 (3229 کیلوگرم درهکتار) مشاهده شد. محیط‌های 10، 8، 11 و 12 با بردارهای بلند، از قدرت تفکیک بالایی برخوردار بودند. نتایج این تحقیق بر اساس شاخص‌های AMMI نشان داد که ژنوتیپ‌های 3، 5، 6، 13 و 15 با میانگین عملکرد دانه بالاتر از میانگین کل در بیش­تر محیط‌ها، به­عنوان ژنوتیپ‌های پایدار و برتر آزمایش بودند. از بین ‌آن‌ها، ژنوتیپ شماره 13 با توجه به دارا بودن سازگاری عمومی مناسب، می‌تواند به‌عنوان ژنوتیپ امیدبخش و نامزد معرفی رقم جدید برای مناطق دیم گرمسیر و نیمه‌گرمسیر باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Grain yield stability of durum wheat genotypes in semi-warm rainfed regions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rahmatollah Karimizadeh 1
  • Tahmasp Hosseinpour 2
  • Peyman Sharifi 3
  • Jabar Alt Jafarby 4
  • kamal Shahbazi Homonlo 5
  • Kavoos Keshavarzi 6
1 Research Assist. Prof., Dryland Agricultural Research Institute, Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gachsaran, Iran
2 Research Assist. Prof., Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Khorramabad, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
4 Research Lacturer, Golestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Gonbad, Iran
5 Research Lecturer, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Moghan, Iran
6 Research Assist. Prof., Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yasouj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Knowlege of genotype × environment interactions helps breeders to select the best genotypes for different regions.The main objective of this research was to obtain high yielding durum wheat genotypes selected from several elite lines so that can be compatible to climatic conditions of the tropical and subtropical rainfed regions and superior to check varieties. In this research, 16 durum wheat genotypes selected from advanced yield trials along with two check cultivars, Dehdasht and Seimareh, were studied in a randomized complete block design with four replications for three cropping seosons (2013-2016) in four locations (Gachsaran, Gonbad, Khoramabad and Moghan). Combined analysis of variance indicated that main effects of genotype, year and location and interactions of year × location and genotype × year × location were significant at 1% probability level. AMMI analysis of variance also showed that the first four principal components were significant and explained about 81% of the total variance of genotype × environment interaction. The highest grain yield was observed in genotype 6 (3592 kg.ha-1) and the lowest in genotype 18 (3229 kg.ha-1). Environments 10, 8, 11 and 12 with long vectors had high resolution ability. The results of this study based on AMMI indices showed that genotypes 3, 5, 6, 13 and 15 with higher grain yield than the total mean in most environment were stable and superior genotypes in this experiments. Among them, genotype 13 with suitable general adaptability can be a promising genotype and a candidate to introduce a new cultivar for tropical and subtropical rainfed areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • AMMI analysis
  • Environmental stresses
  • General adaptability
  • Promising genotype
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