بررسی کارایی علف‌کش کند‌رهاشونده پیرازوسولفورون‌اتیل + پرتیلاکلر در کنترل علف‌های هرز برنج در کشت نشایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

2 استادیار، معاونت موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، آمل، ایران

3 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

4 کارشناس، موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رشت، ایران

چکیده

تنوع علف‌های‌ هرز شالیزار، موجب استفاده از مخلوط علف‌کش‌های با مکانیزم عمل متفاوت جهت افزایش کارایی مدیریت شیمیایی شده است. علف‌کش جدید پیرازکلر (Pirazchlor, TB 17%) حاصل اختلاط پیرازوسولفورون‌اتیل از سولفونیل‌اوره‌ها با پرتیلاکلر از کلرواستامید‌ها است که به‌صورت قرص‌های حدود پنج‌ گرمی کند‌رها‌شونده برای کنترل علف‌های ‌هرز برنج در کشت نشایی معرفی شده است. در این پژوهش، کارایی مقادیر 191، 383، 574 و 765 گرم ماده موثره در هکتار (g ai.ha-1) پیرازکلر در مقایسه با علف‌کش‌های رایج پرتیلاکلر (EC 50%, 750 g ai.ha-1)+ بن‌سولفورون‌متیل (بن‌سولفورون، DF 60%, 35 g ai.ha-1)، تیوبنکارب (EC 50%, 2500 g ai.ha-1)+ بن‌سولفورون، تریافامون+ اتوکسی‌سولفورون (کانسیل، WG 30%, 30 g ai.ha-1) به­همراه دو تیمار شاهد (بدون کنترل و وجین‌دستی) بر کنترل علف‌های هرز و عملکرد برنج رقم هاشمی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزارع پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات برنج کشور در گیلان و مازندران در سال 1397 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که کنترل علف‌های ‌هرز و عملکرد برنج تحت تأثیر تیمار، مکان و برهمکنش تیمار در مکان قرار گرفت. در مازندران، زیست‌توده و تراکم علف‌های ‌هرز در حدود یک‌دهم گیلان و کارایی تمام علف‌کش‌ها مساوی یا بیش­تر از 95 درصد بود. در گیلان، کارایی علف‌کش‌ها در کاهش تراکم سوروف (که بیش­تر یا مساوی 88 درصد بود)، بیش از پیزور (با 51 تا 97 درصد) بود. کارایی پیرازکلر در دزهای 383 گرم و بیش از آن، مشابه یا بهتر از علف‌کش‌های رایج بود. خسارت اقتصادی علف هرز در تیمار شاهد بدون کنترل در مازندران و گیلان به‌ترتیب 25 و 78 درصد نسبت به تیمار شاهد وجین‌دستی برآورد شد. بیش­ترین عملکرد شلتوک در گیلان 4450 و مازندران 5001 کیلوگرم در هکتار بود که به‌ترتیب از دزهای 765 و 363 گرم پیرازکلر به‌دست آمد و مشابه یا بیش­تر از تیمارهای علف‌کش رایج و در حدود 10 درصد بیش­تر از تیمار شاهد وجین دستی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the efficacy of new slow released herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + pretilachlor in weed control in transplanted rice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bijan Yaghoubi 1
  • Hoda Abadian 2
  • Farzin Pouramir 3
  • Fatemeh Mansourpour 4
1 Assoc. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
2 Assist. Prof., Deputy of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Amol, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran
4 B. Sc., Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Rasht, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The diversity of paddy weeds has led to the use of herbicide mixtures with different mechanisms of action to increase the efficacy of chemical management. The new herbicide pirazchlor (tablet 17%) is a pre-mixture of pyrazo-sulfuron-ethyl from sulfonyl-ureas with pretilachlor from chloro-acetamides which has been introduced in the form of slow released 5 g tablets to control weeds in transplanted rice. In this study, the efficacy of 191, 383, 574 and 765 g ai.ha-1 (g active ingredient per ha) pirazchlor in comparison with the common herbicides, pretilachlor (EC 50%, 750 g ai.ha-1) + bensulfuron methyl (bensulfuron, DF 60%, 35 g ai.ha-1), thiobencarb (EC 50%, 2500 g ai.ha-1) + bensulfuron, triafamone + ethoxysulfuron (council, WG 30%, 30 g ai.ha-1), along with two check treatments (without control and hand weeded control) were investigated on weed control and rice yield. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design with three replications in research fields of Rice Research Institute of Iran (RRII) in Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, Iran, in 2018. The results showed that weeds control and rice yield were affected by treatment, location and treatment × location interaction. In Mazandaran, biomass and density of weeds was about one-tenth of Guilan and the efficacy of all herbicides was ≥95%. In Guilan, the efficacy of herbicides in reducing the density of Echinochloa crus galli (≥88%) was higher than that of Bolboschoenus planiculmis (51-97%). The efficacy of pirazchlor at doses of 383 g ai.ha-1 or above was similar to or better than the common herbicides. Grain yield loss (economic damage of weeds) in the check treatment of without weed control in Mazandaran and Guilan was 25% and 78%, respectively, compared to hand weeded control. The highest paddy yield in Guilan and Mazandaran was 4450 and 5001 kg.ha-1, which were obtained in doses of 765 and 363 (g ai.ha-1), respectively, and were similar to or more than the common herbicide treatments and about 10% more than the hand weeded control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Broadleaf
  • Combined herbicides
  • Grass
  • Sedge
  • Weed density

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 10، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 181-192

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