اثر زمان نشاکاری بر عملکرد دانه، اجزای عملکرد و انتقال مجدد در سه رقم برنج (Oryza sativa L.) در شرایط اقلیمی رودبار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی اثر زمان نشاکاری بر عملکرد دانه و انتقال مجدد ماده خشک ارقام برنج، آزمایشی به صورت‌کرت‌‌های ‌خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در بهار سال 1392 در شهرستان رودبار استان گیلان اجرا شد. سه زمان نشاکاری (20 اردیبهشت، 8 و 27 خرداد) در کرت‌‌های اصلی و سه رقم برنج (خزر، گوهر و هاشمی) در کرت‌های فرعی در نظر گرفته شدند. نتایج نشان داد که زمان نشاکاری و رقم اثر معنی‌داری بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد پنجه، تعداد دانه پر، وزن هزار دانه، وزن هکتولیتر‌ و عملکرد دانه ارقام برنج داشتند. برهمکنش زمان نشاکاری و رقم بر صفات ارتفاع بوته، طول خوشه، تعداد پنجه و عملکرد دانه معنی‌دار بود. نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که بیشترین میزان انتقال مجدد ماده خشک مربوط به زمان نشاکاری دوم و‌ رقم گوهر‌ (به‌ترتیب 277 و 235 گرم در مترمربع) بود. با تاخیر در نشاکاری، میزان، کارآیی و سهم انتقال مجدد کاهش یافتند و کمترین میزان این صفات در زمان نشاکاری سوم (به‌ترتیب 51، 31 ‌و 26‌ درصد) مشاهده شد. بیشترین عملکرد دانه مربوط به رقم گوهر در زمان نشاکاری اول و دوم (به­ترتیب 7653 و 7340 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود که دلیل آن افزایش وزن هزار دانه، وزن هکتولیتر و تعداد دانه پر در خوشه بود. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، به نظر می‌رسد که زمان نشاکاری دوم مناسب‌ترین زمان در شرایط اقلیمی منطقه اجرای آزمایش باشد و در این زمان، بیشترین عملکرد دانه را رقم گوهر تولید کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of transplanting time on grain yield, yield components and remobilization of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties in Roudbar region

نویسندگان [English]

  • mohammad hosein nadimi dafrazi 1
  • masoud esfahani 2
  • ali aalami 3
1 Graduated M. Sc., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assoc. Prof., Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of transplanting time on grain yield and remobilization of dry matter of rice varieties, a field experiment carried out as split plot based on complete block design with three replications in Roudbar region, Guilan, Iran, in 2013. Three transplanting times (May 10 and 29 and June 17) were arranged in main plots and three rice varieties (Khazar, Gohar and Hashemi) in sub plots.‌ The results showed that transplanting times and varieties had significant effects on plant height, panicle length, stem length, panicle weight, number of tillers, number of filled grains, 1000 grain weight, test weight and grain yield. The interaction effect of transplanting time and variety were also significant on plant height, panicle length, stem length, number of tillers and grain yield. The results of mean comparisons showed that the highest remobilization rates of dry matter was related to the second transplanting time and Gohar variety (277 and 235 g.m-2‌, respectively). ‌The results indicated that the‌ delay in transplanting time decreased remobilization rate, contribution and efficiency, so that the lowest values of these traits were observed at the third transplanting time (51%, 31% and 26%, respectively‌). ‌The highest grain yield was belonged to Gohar variety during the first and second transplanting times (7653 and 7340 kg.ha-1, respectively) that may be due to the increasing 1000-grain weight, test weight and number of filled grains per panicle.‌ According to results of the experiment, the second transplanting time was the best appropriate time for the climatic conditions of the experimental region and the highest grain yield‌ in this time was belonged to the Gohar variety.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • 1000-grain weight
  • Harvest index
  • Number of grain per panicle
  • Test weight
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