اثر محدودیت آبیاری و کاربرد کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی های بیوشیمیایی گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

2 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران

3 استاد، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ایران

4 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی اثر محدودیت آبیاری و کاربرد کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون بر عملکرد و برخی ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی گندم، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه پژوهشی دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی در سال زراعی  98-1397 اجرا شد. عامل­های آزمایشی شامل آبیاری در سه سطح (آبیاری کامل به­عنوان شاهد و قطع آبیاری از مرحله 50 درصد سنبله‌دهی و آبستنی به­ترتیب به­عنوان محدودیت ملایم و شدید آبی بر اساس کد 55 و 43 مقیاس BBCH)، محلول­پاشی نانوسیلیکون (محلول­پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد، 30 و 60 میلی­گرم در لیتر به­ترتیب معادل 5/22 و 45 میلی­گرم در مترمربع) و کودهای زیستی (عدم کاربرد به­عنوان شاهد، کاربرد قارچ مایکوریزا (Glomus mosseae)، کاربرد باکتری­های فلاوباکتریوم (Flavobacterium) و سودوموناس (Psedumonas Putida strain 186)، کاربرد توأم مایکوریزا و باکتری­ها) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­ترین فعالیت آنزیم­های آنتی­اکسیدان و قندهای محلول با کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی و محلول­پاشی30 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی به­دست آمد. تحت شرایط آبیاری کامل و عدم کاربرد کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون، فعالیت آنزیم­های کاتالاز، پراکسیداز و پلی­فنول­اکسیداز و میزان قندهای محلول به­ترتیب 78، 49، 64 و 74 درصد در مقایسه با قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی و کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی و محلول­پاشی 30 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون کاهش یافت. بیش­ترین محتوای پرولین با کاربرد 60 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون (50/9 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) و کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی (7/9 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) در شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی (97/10 میکروگرم در گرم وزن تر) به­دست آمد. میزان پراکسیدهیدروژن نیز تحت شرایط قطع آبیاری در مرحله آبستنی و عدم کاربرد نانوسیلیکون و کودهای زیستی، به­میزان 90 درصد نسبت به کاربرد 60 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون و کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی در شرایط آبیاری نرمال افزایش یافت. بیش­ترین عملکرد دانه (4593 کیلوگرم در هکتار) از کاربرد توأم کودهای زیستی و 30 میلی­گرم در لیتر نانوسیلیکون در شرایط آبیاری کامل به­دست آمد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که کاربرد توام کودهای زیستی و نانوسیلیکون به­واسطه بهبود ویژگی­های بیوشیمیایی گیاه، می‌تواند عملکرد دانه گندم را تحت شرایط محدودیت آبی افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of water limitation and application of bio-fertilizer and nano-silicon on yield and some biochemical traits of wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farnaz Ahmadi Nouraldinvand 1
  • Raouf Seyed Sharifi 2
  • Seyed Ataollah Siadat 3
  • Razieh Khalilzadeh 4
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardebil, Iran
3 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Khozestan, Iran
4 Ph. D. Graduate, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

To study the effect of water limitation and application of bio-fertilizer and nanosilicon on yield and some biochemical characteristics of wheat, a factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the research field of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran, in 2018-2019. Experimental factors were included irrigation in three levels (full irrigation as control and irrigation cut-off at 50% of booting and heading stages, based on codes 55 and 43 of the BBCH scale, as moderate and severe water limitation, respectively,), foliar application of nano-silicon (water spraying as control, 30 mg/L or 22.5 mg/mand 60 mg/L or 45 mg/m2 nano-silicon) and bio-fertilizer (no application as control, application of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae), application of flavobacterium + pseudomonas strain 186, combined application of mycorrhiza and flavobacterium + pseudomonas). The results showed that the highest antioxidant enzymes activity and soluble sugars were obtained by combined application of bio-fertilizers and foliar application of 30 mg/L nano-silicon under the condition of irrigation limitation at booting stage. Under full irrigation condition and non-application of bio-fertilizers and nano-silicon, the activity of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase enzymes and soluble sugar content decreased 78, 49, 64 and 74 percent, respectively, compared to severe water limitation at booting stage and combined application of bio-fertilizers and 30 mg/L nano-silicon. Maximum proline content was also obtained by foliar application of 60 mg/L nano-silicon (9.50 µg/g FW) and combined application of bio-fertilizers (9.70 µg/g FW) under severe stress conditions (10.97 µg g Fw-1). Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content under severe water limitation at booting stage and non-application of bio-fertilizers and nano-silicon was 90% higher than the application of 60 mg/L nano-silicon and combined application of bio-fertilizers under full irrigation condition. The highest grain yield (4593 kg/ha) was obtained from the foliar application of 30 mg/L nano-silicon and combined application of bio-fertilizers under full irrigation conditions. The results of current study showed that the combined application of bio-fertilizers and nano-silicon can increase wheat grain yield under water limitation conditions by improving plant biochemical characteristics.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • irrigation withholding
  • hydrogen peroxide
  • Nanotechnology
  • soluble sugars
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