مطالعه تاثیر تغذیه برگی با سولفات روی و اوره بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی ارقام گندم (Triticum aestivum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران

چکیده

به­منظور ارزیابی تاثیر تغذیه برگی با محلول سولفات روی و اوره بر رشد، عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد دانه گندم، آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1398-1397 در شهرستان رباط کریم اجرا شد. عامل­های آزمایشی شامل محلول­پاشی در چهار سطح (محلول­پاشی با آب به­عنوان شاهد، محلول­پاشی با سولفات روی، محلول­پاشی با اوره و محلول­پاشی توام با سولفات روی و اوره) و رقم گندم در دو سطح (ارقام پیشتاز و سیوند) بود. نتایج نشان داد که برهمکنش رقم و محلول­پاشی بر طول سنبله، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، وزن هزار دانه، عملکرد دانه، شاخص برداشت، محتوای پروتئین دانه، محتوای روی دانه، شاخص سطح برگ، سرعت رشد محصول و میزان کل ماده خشک معنی­دار بود. در اغلب صفات مورد مطالعه، محلول­پاشی توام سولفات روی و اوره نسبت به محلول­پاشی مجزای هر یک از ترکیبات کودی نسبت به شاهد برتری داشت. بیش­ترین عملکرد دانه معادل 5/7 تن در هکتار با محلول­پاشی توام سولفات روی و اوره در رقم پیشتاز و کم­ترین میزان آن معادل 4/4 تن در هکتار در رقم سیوند با تیمار بدون مصرف کود حاصل شد. بیش­ترین افزایش ماده خشک و عملکرد دانه در محلول­پاشی توام سولفات روی و اوره نسبت به شاهد (بدون کود) به­ترتیب در رقم پیشتاز و سیوند مشاهده شد. در این تیمار، میزان افزایش پروتئین دانه در ارقام پیشتاز و سیوند به­ترتیب معادل 27 و 31 درصد و میزان افزایش محتوای روی دانه به­ترتیب معادل 49 و 65 درصد بود. به­طور کلی، رقم پیشتاز واکنش بیش­تری نسبت به رقم سیوند در محلول­پاشی با سولفات روی و اوره از خود نشان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the effect of foliar nutrition of zinc sulfate and urea on quantitative and qualitative yield of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Asadzadeh 1
  • Ali Sepehri 2
1 M. Sc. Graduate, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
2 Assoc. Prof., Dept. of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]

To evaluate the effect of foliar nutrition with zinc sulfate and urea solution on growth, yield and yield components of wheat, a factorial experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications in Robat Karim, Tehran, Iran, in 2018-2019. Experimental factors was included foliar application at four levels (water spray as control, foliar application of zinc sulfate, foliar application of urea and combined application of zinc sulfate and urea) and wheat cultivars at two levels (Pishtaz and Sivand cultivars). The results showed that the interaction of cultivar and foliar application on spike length, 1000-grain weight, number of spikelet per spike, grain yield, harvest index, protein content, zinc content, maximum leaf area index, crop growth rate and total dry matter were significant. In most of the studied traits, combined foliar application of zinc sulfate and urea was superior to individual foliar application as well as water spray. The highest grain yield with 7.5 t/ha was obtained by combined foliar application of zinc sulfate and urea in Pishtaz cultivar and the lowest yield with 4.4 t/ha in Sivand cultivar with no fertilizer treatment. The maximum increase in dry matter and grain yield in combined foliar application of zinc sulfate and urea compared to the control treatment (without fertilizer) were observed in Pishtaz and Sivand cultivars, respectively. In this treatment, the increase in grain protein content in Pishtaz and Sivand cultivars was 27% and 31% and in grain zinc content was 49% and 65%, respectively. In total, Pishtaz cultivar showed more positive response to zinc sulfate and urea foliar application than Sivand cultivar.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dry matter
  • Fertilizer
  • Growth indices
  • Micronutrients
  • Protein
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