ارزیابی تنوع ژنتیکی لاین‌های ذرت (Zea mays L.) تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه. ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، گروه تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه. ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

ذرت به‌عنوان یکی از محصولات غذایی اصلی و علوفه‌ای، علاوه بر دارا بودن عملکرد دانه و زیستی بالا، از اهمیت ویژه‌ای در تأمین کربوهیدرات، روغن خوراکی و انرژی تجدیدپذیر برخوردار است که در طیف وسیعی از شرایط آب و هوایی کشت می‌شود و نسبتاً به شوری حساس است. تولید گیاهان متحمل به تنش شوری جهت پاسخ به تقاضای روزافزون مواد غذایی از طریق کشاورزی پایدار امری اجتناب‌ناپذیر است. در این پژوهش، تنوع ژنتیکی 86 لاین ذرت با استفاده از صفات مورفولوژیک در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار، تحت شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری سدیم کلراید در سطح شوری dS/m 8 در شرایط گلدانی بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش شوری منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار میانگین صفات عملکرد دانه، طول، عرض و سطح برگ پرچم، ارتفاع بلال اصلی، زاویه برگ، قطر ساقه، نسبت پتاسیم به سدیم، محتوای نسبی آب برگ و تعداد ردیف دانه بلال شد. در مقابل، تنش شوری سبب افزایش بسیار معنی‌دار میانگین صفات روز تا ظهور گل­تاجی و روز تا ظهور کاکل نسبت به شرایط نرمال شد. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون گام‌به‌گام به‌کمک آماره Cp مالوس و تجزیه علّیت نشان داد که تحت شرایط نرمال، صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، وزن صد دانه، عرض دانه و تعداد کل برگ، و تحت شرایط تنش شوری، صفات تعداد دانه در ردیف، عمق دانه، وزن چوب بلال و قطر بلال، مهم‌ترین صفات تأثیرگذار بر عملکرد دانه بودند. میزان اشتراک بالای این صفات در تحلیل عاملی، در راستای تأیید این نتایج بود. در روش تحلیل عاملی، با استفاده از روش تجزیه و تحلیل موازی و معیار ساختار بسیار ساده (VSS)، تعداد چهار عامل پنهانی در هر دو شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری تعیین شد که به‌ترتیب ۶۰ و ۶۵ درصد از تنوع کل لاین‌های ذرت را توجیه کردند. تجزیه خوشه‌ای به روش حداقل واریانس وارد با در نظر گرفتن تعداد سه خوشه به‌عنوان تعداد بهینه خوشه‌ها بر اساس روش‌های آرنج، سیلوئت و آماره Gap در هر یک از شرایط نرمال و تنش شوری انجام گرفت. بر اساس مقایسه میانگین خوشه‌ها تحت شرایط تنش شوری و نیز به‌کمک بای‌پلات به‌دست آمده از تجزیه به مؤلفه‌های اصلی، می‌توان والدین مناسب را از بین لاین‌های موجود در خوشه‌های اول و سوم انتخاب و از تلاقی‌های هدفمند بین آن‌ها از پدیده‌هایی همچون هتروزیس و تفکیک متجاوز استفاده و به هیبریدهای ذرت متحمل به تنش شوری و ویژگی­های مهم زراعی اصلاح شده دست یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Maize Lines (Zea mays L.) under Normal and Salinity Stress Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sorour Arzangh 1
  • Reza Darvishzadeh 2
  • Hadi Alipour 3
1 Ph. D. Student, Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assist. Prof., Dept. of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Maize or corn, as one of the staple food products and forage crop, in addition to having a high grain and biomass yield, is of particular importance in the supply of carbohydrates, edible oils, and renewable energy. The plant is grown under a wide range of climatic conditions and is relatively sensitive to salinity. The development of salt-tolerant varieties of plants is inevitable policy in response to the growing demand for food in sustainable agriculture system. In the present study, the genetic diversity of 86 maize lines was investigated using morphological traits in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under normal and NaCl salinity stress (EC 8 dS/m) in potted conditions. The results showed that salinity stress led to a significant decrease in mean of grain yield (GY), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), flag leaf area (FLA), ear height (EH), leaf angle (LA), stem diameter (SD), potassium to sodium ratio (K/Na), relative leaf water content (RWC), and number of rows per ear (RPE). In contrast, salinity stress caused a significant increase in the mean of days to tasseling (DTT) and days to silking (DTS) compared to normal conditions. The results obtained from stepwise regression analysis using Mallows’ Cp, and path analysis showed that, traits include number of grains per row (GPR), hundred grain weight (HGW), grain width (GW), and total leaves (TL) under normal conditions and traits include number of grains per row (GPR), grain depth (GDE), cob weight (CD), and ear diameter (ED) under salinity stress conditions were the most important traits affecting grain yield (GY). The great amount of h2 communality of mentioned traits in factor analysis was in order to confirm these results. According to the results of factor analysis using parallel analysis and very simple structure criterion (VSS), four hidden factors were determined in both normal and salinity stress conditions, which explained 60% and 65% of the variability among the maize lines, respectively. Before conducting the cluster analysis, three clusters were determined as the optimal number of clusters by elbow, silhouette and Gap statistics methods in each of normal and salinity stress conditions. Then, hierarchical cluster analysis of the studied maize lines was performed based on measured traits using Ward’s minimum variance method. Therefore, in case of need for hybridization to achieve salt-tolerant maize hybrids and improvement of important agronomic traits, suitable parents can be selected from the first and third clusters using comparisons of mean of the traits in clusters under salinity stress conditions and also with the help of the biplot obtained from principal component analysis (PCA). Targeted crossbreeding between selected parental lines allows for further exploitation of phenomena such as heterosis and aggressive segregation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Gap statistic
  • Morphological traits
  • Multivariate analysis
  • NaCl stress
  • Path analysis

مراجع

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تحقیقات غلات
دوره 11، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 243-268

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